Mfiridwumayɛfo adɔfo, adetɔ ho ahokafo, ne mfiridwuma ho gyinaesi-mufo:
Wɔ yɛn da biara da mfiridwuma ho nkɔmmɔbɔ mu no, asɛmmisa a wɔtaa bisa yɛn no nyɛ "Dɛn ne bo?" na mmom, "Bere tenten ahe na saa nsɔano aduru yi bɛtra hɔ ankasa?"
Adetɔfo pii ahyia asɛm a edidi so yi: nhwɛsode no da nsɔano a ɛfata adi bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no, nanso efi ase pue nsu anaa mframa bere a wɔde asram abiɛsa ayɛ adwuma akyi; anaasɛ, ɛwom sɛ sɛnea ɛyɛ den no du ahwehwɛde ahorow a wɔakyerɛ no ho de, nanso wohu sɛ wɔabɔ mu a wontumi nsakra bere a wɔapaapae mu no. Nea ɛde saa nneɛma yi nyinaa ba no ntini wɔ honam fam agyapade a ɛho hia sen biara wɔ rɔba adwumayɛ mu – Compression Set (CS).
Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛkɔ akyiri asen nsusuwii a enni adwene na, yɛafi ase afi molecule nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn ne pore nhyehyɛe so, abubu nnyinasosɛm ahorow a ɛhyɛ ase a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea nsɔano yɛ adwuma no.
I. San kɔhwɛ "Compressive Permanent Deformation" no.
Wɔ silicone a wɔayɛ no ahuru mu no, sɛnea wɔde nsɔano yɛ adwuma no ne sɛnea ɛyɛ den no yɛ pɛ; nsɔano adwumayɛ nso ne tumi a wɔde ko tia compressive deformation no yɛ pɛ.
Compressive permanent deformation kyerɛ deformation dodoɔ a standard test specimen ntumi nnya bio wɔ unloading akyi, berɛ a specimen no compressed wɔ rate pɔtee bi mu (sɛ nhwɛsoɔ, 100℃) wɔ bere pɔtee bi mu (sɛ nhwɛsoɔ, 22 h anaa 72 h). Botae ketewaa bi ma saa parameter yi kyerɛ sɛ elastic retention rate a ɛkorɔn wɔ ade no mu na asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ leakage no sua.
Sɛ deformation a ɛho hia a ɛtra hɔ daa ba pɛ a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ:
Interface stress relaxation: Clamping tumi a ɛwɔ flange nkitahodi no so tew na ɛhwe ase wɔ emu medium nhyɛso no ase.
Microchannel formation: pore rupture anaa collapse, na ɛde leakage akwan a ɛka bom ba.
Mpɛn pii a wosiesie: Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkyekyere bolt ahorow no mu den daa na ama wɔatumi atua adwennwen a wɔhwere no so ka.
II. Nneɛma Titiriw Anan a Ɛkyerɛ Deformational Fate
Nkɛntɛnso a compressive deformation nya no mfi ade biako pɛ, na mmom egyina hɔ ma "systematic engineering" nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den. Yɛakyekyɛ saa adeyɛ yi mu ayɛ no ntoatoaso anan a ɛsono emu biara, efi microscopic so kosi macroscopic nsenia so:
1. Nneɛma Gene: Agorudi mu Nkɔso a Ɛwɔ Nnuru a Wɔde Yɛ Nneɛma Ho
Eyi ne ade titiriw a ɛde deformation ba, a silicone raw rubber ne additive nhyehyɛe no na ɛkyerɛ.
Raw rubber (base polymer) a wɔpaw: Vinyl a ɛwɔ mu ne molecule mu duru kyekyɛ no nya crosslinking density no so nkɛntɛnso tẽẽ. Rɔba a wɔannoa a ɛyɛ den dodo no da molecule nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a ɛyɛ den adi, na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no bɛtwetwe bere a wɔrehyɛ no; ne saa nti, mpɛn pii no, deformation a ɛtra hɔ daa no yɛ nea ɛboro so.
Reinforcement ne crosslinking nhyehyɛe: "sika kɔkɔɔ inflection point" wɔ vulcanizing nnuru dodow mu. Ɛwom sɛ vulcanizing aduru a ɛboro so ma ɛyɛ den kɛse de, nanso ebetumi ama molecule nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no ayɛ den dodo na atew sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw no so, na ɛnam so aka nhyɛso a ɛko tia ɔbrɛ a ɛko tia no wɔ ɔkwan a enye so.
Foaming agent matching: Ɛsɛ sɛ foaming rate no ne vulcanization rate no hyia. Sɛ foaming ba ntɛmntɛm dodo a cross-linking a ɛdɔɔso nni hɔ a, bubble afasu no bɛyɛ teateaa dodo na ɛbɛpaapae ntɛm ara bere a wɔahyɛ no; sɛ cross-linking ba ntɛmntɛm dodo bere a foaming no akyɛ a, bubbles no rentumi ntrɛw koraa, na ɛde closed-cell rate a ɛnnɔɔso aba.
2. Microstructure: Wɔatoto-pore volume fraction ne pore kɛse kyekyɛ
Eyi ne ɔko titiriw a ɛsono silicone a wɔayɛ no ahuru wɔ silicone a ɛyɛ den ho.
Tebea a eye: Ɛwo nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ pɛ, ɛyɛ fɛ-a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa a wɔatoto mu-nkwaboaa dodow a ɛkorɔn. Sɛ wɔde hyɛ nkwammoaa a wɔato mu no mu a, mframa a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa a wɔato mu no mu no di Boyle mmara (P1V1=P2V2) so, na ɛma mframa mmoa a ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ nkwammoaa no san san ba ntɛmntɛm bere a wɔde nhyɛso afi mu no.
Ntini a ɛtɔ sin: Sɛ ntini akɛse no nyɛ pɛ (abon a wɔato mu anaasɛ wɔabue wɔ hɔ) a, nhyɛso a ɛma nhyɛso no bɛkɔ ntini akɛse a ɛsen biara no so. Sɛ saa mmeae a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yi kɔ plastic deformation anaa rupture mu pɛ a, compression rate a etu mpɔn a ɛwɔ sealing cross-section no nyinaa mu no bɛyera koraa.
3. Adwumayɛ tebea: Ɔhyew ne nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ-de onyin nkɛntɛnso
Eyi yɛ abɔnten ade ne ade titiriw a ɛde on-site huammɔdi nsɛm pii ba.
Ɔhyew-oxidative onyin: Ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro ma oxidative cleavage a ɛwɔ silicone polymer akyi dompe no mu no yɛ ntɛmntɛm. Bere kɔ so no, ade no ani yɛ den, na emu cross-linking density sesa, na ɛde compressive stress relaxation a emu yɛ den ba. Wɔ 150℃, sɛnea silicone a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no dannan no betumi ayɛ nea wohu wɔ dan mu hyew mu no mmɔho 3–5.
Compression ratio setting: It is generally recommended that the compression ratio be between 15% and 25%. An excessively high compression ratio (>30%) bɛbubu nkwammoaa no mu ntini no tẽẽ, na ɛde nipadua mu ɔsɛe a wontumi nsakra aba; nhyɛso a ɛba fam dodo rentumi mfa nhyɛso a etu mpɔn a edi kan a wɔde hyɛ mu no nsi hɔ.
4. Opira afiri: Nipadua mu huammɔdi bere a wɔreyɛ nhyɛso no
Wɔ microscope ase no, mpɛn pii no, compression failure no fa nneɛma abiɛsa ho:
Ɔfã I (Gas Escape): Nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro mpofirim no hyɛ mframa a ɛwɔ abura a wɔato mu no mu ma eguan fa micropores a ɛwɔ bubble fasu no mu no mu.
Phase II (Bubble Wall Folding): Bubble fasu a ɛkyerɛ kwan a ɛne compression akwankyerɛ no hyia no nya nsensanee a ɛtra hɔ daa wɔ shear force ase.
Ɔfã III (Bubble wall rupture): Bubble fasu a ɛtrɛw tẽẽ kɔ compression kwankyerɛ no so no mu paapae esiane sɛ ɛtrɛw dodo nti; afei ahurututu a ɛbɛn hɔ no ka bom, na ɛyɛ mpaapaemu a ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ kɛse.
III. Akwankyerɛ a Ɛbɛma Woakwati Afiri a Ɛtaa Ba Bere a Worepaw Nneɛma
Sɛ́ adwumayɛfo no, yɛnkamfo nkyerɛ sɛ adetɔfo de wɔn adwene besi "gyinabea ahorow" a wɔakyerɛw wɔ sɔhwɛ amanneɛbɔ no mu nkutoo so; mmom no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn adwene si "gyinabea ahorow a ɛwɔ adwumayɛ tebea ankasa mu" no so. Nyansahyɛ abiɛsa a mfaso wɔ so ni:
Bisa "post-aging" data, sen "nhwehwɛmu a edi kan" data.
Yɛsrɛ sɛ hwɛ compression permanent deformation data a wonyae bere a woanyin wɔ 150℃ma 72 h anaasɛ wɔ 225℃ma 24 h, sɛnea ɔdemafo no de ama no. Sɛ wɔyɛ adwuma yiye wɔ dan mu hyew mu no nkyerɛ sɛ ɛbɛgyina pintinn wɔ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro mu.
Hwɛ "adwennwen ahomegye" curve no mu
Compressive permanent deformation yɛ adeyɛ a ɛkɔ so daa, bere a adwennwen a ɛma obi ho dwo no yɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ nnam. Sɛ tebea horow ma kwan a, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsrɛ nea ɔde nneɛma ma no sɛ ɔmfa curve a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea tumi a wɔde di dwuma no porɔw bere tenten wɔ nhyɛso dodow pɔtee bi mu mma. Sɛ ɛkɔ fam brɛoo a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsɔano no bɛtra ase akyɛ.
Wonya hardness ne density fi adwumayɛ tebea horow mu:
Nhyɛsoɔ a ɛba fam, static sealing (sɛ nhwɛsoɔ, mfuturo ahobanbɔ ma kanea afiri): Wobetumi apaw nneɛma a ɛba fam-a ɛyɛ den, ɛkorɔn-rebound (density 0.35–0.45 g/cm3).
Nhyɛsoɔ a ɛkorɔn, nsɔano a ɛyɛ nnam (sɛ nhwɛsoɔ, ahoɔden battery packs): Wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ wode nneɛma a ɛwɔ mfimfini-kɔsi{4}}a ɛyɛ den na ɛkorɔn{5}}cell rate (density: 0.5–0.7 g/cm3), na wode mmoa mpampam nhyehyɛɛ a ɛfata ka ho.
Sɛ́ Chinani a wagye din a ɔde nneɛma ma wɔ foam silicone adwumayɛ mu no, yɛn bo no trɛw sen sɛ yɛde nhama a wɔde hyɛ mu a wɔabɔ no mmobɔwee bɛma kɛkɛ; ɛda so sɛ wɔbɛma wo "ahwɛyie-free" nsɔano ano aduru wɔ nkwa nna nyinaa mu – a wonya denam pɛpɛɛpɛ formulation optimization (optimizing cross-linking/foaming compatibility) ne rigorous process control (hwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ pɛ pore structure).
Sɛ worehwehwɛ nneɛma a wɔde hyɛ mu a ɛfata ma adwumayɛ tebea pɔtee bi-te sɛ ɔhyew a ɛba fam, mframa a ano yɛ den a ano yɛ den, anaasɛ wosow a ɛkɔ soro-frequency vibration-yɛsrɛ wo ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛka yɛn ho asɛm bere biara. Yebetumi de deformation nkɔmhyɛ data a wɔayɛ no sɛnea wopɛ ama wo compression ratio ankasa ne ɔhyew ahwehwɛde, aboa wo ma woatew design-asiane ahorow a ɛfa ho denam data-driven nhumu so.